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English (US)Incoterms and Combiterms
Incoterms is a collection of international delivery terms that are used both within Sweden and internationally. Combiterms is a Swedish supplement to Incoterms used in Sweden.What is Incoterms?
Incoterms (International commerce terms) are a set of international trade terms on how goods transport costs and responsibilities should be distributed between buyer and seller. They are fundamental in international trade transactions and cover matters relating to deliveries between buyers and sellers. This includes how the goods are to be transported, who pays for what, import and export clearance, and who bears the risk at different parts of the journey.EXW
EXW (Ex Works) means the seller makes the goods available at their premises (factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not clear the goods for export and does not load them. The buyer bears all costs and risks, including loading, export clearance, transport documents, transport risk, and costs until final delivery. EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller and is most suitable for experienced buyers able to manage the import process or for domestic trade.
FCA
FCA (Free Carrier) means the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier or another party nominated by the buyer at the named place. Risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are handed over to the carrier. The seller is responsible for export clearance but not for import clearance.
CPT
CPT (Carriage Paid To) means carriage paid to the named place of destination. The seller arranges export clearance and transport to the named place. Risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are handed to the first carrier. The buyer handles import formalities. Any insurance is arranged by the buyer.
CIP
CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) means the seller pays the transport costs and provides minimum insurance cover up to the named destination. Risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are handed to the first carrier. The seller arranges insurance for the buyer’s benefit, but the buyer bears the risk from the first carrier onward.
DAP
DAP (Delivered at Place) means the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport, ready for unloading at the named destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.
DPU
DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) means the seller delivers the goods at the named place of destination and is responsible for unloading them from the arriving means of transport. Risk transfers to the buyer only once the goods have been unloaded. The seller bears all costs and risks until unloading at the agreed place, but is not responsible for import clearance or duties.
DDP
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) means the seller delivers when the goods, cleared for import, are placed at the buyer’s disposal on the arriving means of transport, ready for unloading at the named destination. The seller bears all costs and risks of bringing the goods to the destination, clears them for both export and import, pays all export and import duties, and completes all customs formalities.
What is Combiterms?
Combiterms (combined delivery terms) are a set of Swedish trade terms developed by the Swedish Transport Industry Association. Combiterms is not an independent set of rules for delivery conditions, but is used as a supplement to Incoterms to better clarify who is responsible for certain costs, and for which distances. They offer guidance on Incoterms delivery terms and cost headings with the associated three-digit code. Combiterm's main function is to combine the delivery terms with a clear system for the distribution of costs between buyers and sellers.0001
0001/EXW (Ex Works) — The seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller’s premises (e.g. factory or warehouse). The buyer bears all costs and risks from that point onward, including loading and export formalities unless otherwise agreed.
0002
0002/FCA (Free Carrier) — Free to carrier at the seller’s premises (e.g. factory/warehouse). The seller is responsible for export clearance and delivers the goods to the carrier designated by the buyer. Risk transfers when the goods are handed over to the carrier.
0003
0003/FCA (Free Carrier) — Free to carrier at the specified terminal. The seller delivers, clears for export, and hands over the goods at the named terminal; risk transfers upon delivery.
0005
0005/CPT (Carriage Paid To) — Carriage paid to the named destination. The seller pays for transport to the agreed place of destination, but risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier.
0008
0008/CPT (Carriage Paid To) — Carriage paid to the specified terminal. The seller pays transport to the named terminal, but risk transfers when the goods are handed over to the first carrier.
0010
0010/CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) — Carriage and insurance paid to the named destination. The seller pays for transport and provides insurance (minimum cover) to the place of destination; risk transfers when the goods are handed over to the first carrier.
0013
0013/CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) — Carriage and insurance paid to the specified terminal. The seller pays for transport and provides insurance (minimum cover) to the named terminal; risk transfers when the goods are handed over to the first carrier.
0015
0015/DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) — Delivered unloaded at the named place (destination specified). The seller is responsible for transport, unloading, and bears costs and risks until the goods are unloaded at the specified place; import clearance may require separate agreement.
0016
0016/DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) — Delivered unloaded at the named place (terminal specified). Same as 0015 but where the delivery point is a terminal.
0018
0018/DAP (Delivered at Place) — Delivered at the named place (destination specified). The seller bears costs and risks until the goods arrive at the specified place, ready for unloading; risk transfers upon arrival, before unloading.
0020
0020/DAP (Delivered at Place) — Delivered at the named place (terminal specified). Same as 0018 but where the delivery point is a terminal.
0022
0022/DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) — Delivered duty paid at the named place (destination specified). The seller is responsible for all costs and risks including import clearance, duties, and payments until the goods are placed at the buyer’s disposal at the named destination.
0023
0023/DDU (Delivered Duties Unpaid) — Delivered without customs clearance (place or terminal specified). The seller delivers the goods to the named place but does not cover import duties and import formalities. (Note: DDU has historically been used but was formally replaced by other Incoterms in later versions.)
0024
0024/DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) — Delivered duty paid at the named terminal. Same as 0022 but where the delivery point is a terminal.
0025
0025/DDP (Delivered Duty Paid exclusive) — Delivered duty paid excluding the specified charge (state charge and destination or terminal). The seller is responsible for import clearance and most costs, except for the specified charge as agreed.
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